Questions tagged [artificial-intelligence]
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science and technology that studies the development of machines able to simulate aspects of human intelligence. This tag may also refer to the part of a computer game application that controls the behavior of the virtual characters with which the player may interact during the game, offering immersive and dynamic gameplay experiences.
artificial-intelligence
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What is the optimal algorithm for the game 2048?
I have recently stumbled upon the game 2048. You merge similar tiles by moving them in any of the four directions to make "bigger" tiles. After each move, a new tile appears at random empty position ...
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What is the role of the bias in neural networks? [closed]
I'm aware of the gradient descent and the back-propagation algorithm. What I don't get is: when is using a bias important and how do you use it?
For example, when mapping the AND function, when I use ...
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482
votes
14
answers
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Epoch vs Iteration when training neural networks [closed]
What is the difference between epoch and iteration when training a multi-layer perceptron?
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Pacman: how do the eyes find their way back to the monster hole? [closed]
I found a lot of references to the AI of the ghosts in Pacman, but none of them mentioned how the eyes find their way back to the central ghost hole after a ghost is eaten by Pacman.
In my ...
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What is the best Battleship AI?
Battleship!
Back in 2003 (when I was 17), I competed in a Battleship AI coding competition. Even though I lost that tournament, I had a lot of fun and learned a lot from it.
Now, I would like to ...
293
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27
answers
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What is the difference between supervised learning and unsupervised learning? [closed]
In terms of artificial intelligence and machine learning, what is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?
Can you provide a basic, easy explanation with an example?
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18
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source of historical stock data [closed]
I'm trying to make a stock market simulator (perhaps eventually growing into a predicting AI), but I'm having trouble finding data to use. I'm looking for a (hopefully free) source of historical stock ...
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233
votes
34
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What are good examples of genetic algorithms/genetic programming solutions? [closed]
Genetic algorithms (GA) and genetic programming (GP) are interesting areas of research.
I'd like to know about specific problems you have solved using GA/GP and what libraries/frameworks you used if ...
197
votes
10
answers
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Why is Lisp used for AI? [closed]
I've been learning Lisp to expand my horizons because I have heard that it is used in AI programming. After doing some exploring, I have yet to find AI examples or anything in the language that would ...
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votes
12
answers
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How does Dijkstra's Algorithm and A-Star compare?
I was looking at what the guys in the Mario AI Competition have been doing and some of them have built some pretty neat Mario bots utilizing the A* (A-Star) Pathing Algorithm.
(Video of Mario A* ...
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168
votes
8
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What's is the difference between train, validation and test set, in neural networks?
I'm using this library to implement a learning agent.
I have generated the training cases, but I don't know for sure what the validation and test sets are.
The teacher says:
70% should be train ...
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149
votes
8
answers
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What is the difference between Q-learning and SARSA?
Although I know that SARSA is on-policy while Q-learning is off-policy, when looking at their formulas it's hard (to me) to see any difference between these two algorithms.
According to the book ...
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145
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4
answers
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How to compute precision, recall, accuracy and f1-score for the multiclass case with scikit learn?
I'm working in a sentiment analysis problem the data looks like this:
label instances
5 1190
4 838
3 239
1 204
2 127
So my data is unbalanced since 1190 ...
- 1,607
138
votes
8
answers
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When should I use genetic algorithms as opposed to neural networks? [closed]
Is there a rule of thumb (or set of examples) to determine when to use genetic algorithms as opposed to neural networks (and vice-versa) to solve a problem?
I know there are cases in which you can ...
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128
votes
8
answers
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Why should weights of Neural Networks be initialized to random numbers? [closed]
I am trying to build a neural network from scratch.
Across all AI literature there is a consensus that weights should be initialized to random numbers in order for the network to converge faster.
But ...
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114
votes
7
answers
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What is the difference between graph search and tree search?
What is the difference between graph search and tree search versions regarding DFS, A* searches in artificial intelligence?
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113
votes
43
answers
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Best programming based games [closed]
Back when I was at school, I remember tinkering with a Mac game where you programmed little robots in a sort of pseudo-assembler language which could then battle each other. They could move themselves ...
110
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10
answers
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Is it possible for a computer to "learn" a regular expression by user-provided examples?
Is it possible for a computer to "learn" a regular expression by user-provided examples?
To clarify:
I do not want to learn regular expressions.
I want to create a program which "learns" a regular ...
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109
votes
5
answers
78k
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How do 20 questions AI algorithms work?
Simple online games of 20 questions powered by an eerily accurate AI.
How do they guess so well?
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107
votes
12
answers
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Defeating a Poker Bot
There is a new Open Source poker bot called PokerPirate. I am interested in any creative ways in which a web application could detect/thwart/defeat a poker bot. (This is a purely academic discussion,...
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104
votes
7
answers
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How to get Tensorflow tensor dimensions (shape) as int values?
Suppose I have a Tensorflow tensor. How do I get the dimensions (shape) of the tensor as integer values? I know there are two methods, tensor.get_shape() and tf.shape(tensor), but I can't get the ...
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100
votes
2
answers
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How to create a new gym environment in OpenAI?
I have an assignment to make an AI Agent that will learn to play a video game using ML. I want to create a new environment using OpenAI Gym because I don't want to use an existing environment. How can ...
- 2,721
99
votes
7
answers
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Unsupervised clustering with unknown number of clusters
I have a large set of vectors in 3 dimensions. I need to cluster these based on Euclidean distance such that all the vectors in any particular cluster have a Euclidean distance between each other less ...
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92
votes
5
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What's the difference between uniform-cost search and Dijkstra's algorithm?
I was wondering what's the difference between uniform-cost search and Dijkstra's algorithm. They seem to be the same algorithm.
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7
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Comparison between luis.ai vs api.ai vs wit.ai?
Does anyone know the specific differences and features among the three, Or if one has more features/more flexible to use as a developer?
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77
votes
3
answers
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Estimating the number of neurons and number of layers of an artificial neural network [closed]
I am looking for a method on how to calculate the number of layers and the number of neurons per layer. As input I only have the size of the input vector, the size of the output vector and the size of ...
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75
votes
3
answers
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How do Markov Chain Chatbots work?
I was thinking of creating a chatbot using something like markov chains, but I'm not entirely sure how to get it to work. From what I understand, you create a table from data with a given word and ...
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74
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8
answers
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"synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'." problem in TensorFlow
I installed TensorFlow 1.10.1 but when I tried to import TensorFlow it said that I need TensorFlow version 1.10.0. Thus, I installed it and now I get the following warnings:
>>> import ...
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73
votes
2
answers
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Any tutorials for developing chatbots? [closed]
As a engineering student, I would like to make a chat bot using python. So, I searched a lot but couldn't really find stuff that would teach me or give me some concrete information to build a ...
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69
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11
answers
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Good beginners material on Prolog [closed]
I am looking for good beginners material on Prolog, both online and printed. I am not only interested in 'learning the language' but also in background and scientific information.
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67
votes
1
answer
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Tensorflow vs OpenCV [closed]
I'm new into the AI world, I've start doing some stuff using Python & OpenCV for face detection and so on. I know that with the implementation of some algorithms I can develop AI system using ...
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66
votes
11
answers
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Natural Language Processing in Ruby [closed]
I'm looking to do some sentence analysis (mostly for twitter apps) and infer some general characteristics. Are there any good natural language processing libraries for this sort of thing in Ruby?
...
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64
votes
10
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What algorithm for a tic-tac-toe game can I use to determine the "best move" for the AI?
In a tic-tac-toe implementation I guess that the challenging part is to determine the best move to be played by the machine.
What are the algorithms that can pursued? I'm looking into implementations ...
64
votes
4
answers
55k
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Open Source Neural Network Library [closed]
I am looking for an open source neural network library. So far, I have looked at FANN, WEKA, and OpenNN. Are the others that I should look at? The criteria, of course, is documentation, examples, ...
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61
votes
4
answers
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Higher-order unification
I'm working on a higher-order theorem prover, of which unification seems to be the most difficult subproblem.
If Huet's algorithm is still considered state-of-the-art, does anyone have any links to ...
- 32.7k
60
votes
6
answers
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How are neural networks used when the number of inputs could be variable?
All the examples I have seen of neural networks are for a fixed set of inputs which works well for images and fixed length data. How do you deal with variable length data such sentences, queries or ...
- 3,704
56
votes
9
answers
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Is it possible to use OpenCV or similar library in Javascript? [closed]
Can we use OpenCV from Javascript? Is there such implementation?
Is there any JS libraries that can be used for detecting face elements in the picture or video?
- 17k
56
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3
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Meaning of an Epoch in Neural Networks Training
while I'm reading in how to build ANN in pybrain, they say:
Train the network for some epochs. Usually you would set something
like 5 here,
trainer.trainEpochs( 1 )
I looked for what is that ...
user2162652
54
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4
answers
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What is the difference between SGD and back-propagation?
Can you please tell me the difference between Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and back-propagation?
- 551
50
votes
3
answers
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Iterative deepening vs depth-first search
I keep reading about iterative deepening, but I don't understand how it differs from depth-first search.
I understood that depth-first search keeps going deeper and deeper.
In iterative deepening ...
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49
votes
4
answers
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When is a heuristic admissible but not consistent?
Any consistent heuristic is also admissible. But when is a heuristic admissible but not consistent (monotone)?
Please provide an example in which this is the case.
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48
votes
4
answers
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Tracing and Returning a Path in Depth First Search
So I have a problem that I want to use depth first search to solve, returning the first path that DFS finds. Here is my (incomplete) DFS function:
start = problem.getStartState()
stack = ...
- 11.6k
47
votes
30
answers
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Are games the most complex / impressive applications? [closed]
I was thinking today about what could be the most complex / impressive application ever written. So I started thinking of what I am comfortable with and use everyday, databases.
Then I went into the ...
47
votes
4
answers
60k
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Forward Chaining vs Backward Chaining
What is one good for that the other's not in practice? I understand the theory of what they do, but what are their limitations and capabilities in practical use? I'm considering Drools vs a java ...
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46
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5
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Neural Network example in .NET [closed]
Any good tutorial with source that will demonstrate how to develop neural network (step bay step for dummies ;-))
ri2008xyz
46
votes
5
answers
40k
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Computational Complexity of Self-Attention in the Transformer Model
I recently went through the Transformer paper from Google Research describing how self-attention layers could completely replace traditional RNN-based sequence encoding layers for machine translation. ...
- 468
45
votes
2
answers
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Batch normalization instead of input normalization
Can I use batch normalization layer right after input layer and not normalize my data? May I expect to get similar effect/performance?
In keras functional it would be something like this:
x = Input (...
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votes
11
answers
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What is fuzzy logic?
I'm working with a couple of AI algorithms at school and I find people use the words Fuzzy Logic to explain any situation that they can solve with a couple of cases. When I go back to the books I just ...
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44
votes
4
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Insert or delete a step in scikit-learn Pipeline
Is it possible to delete or insert a step in a sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline object?
I am trying to do a grid search with or without one step in the Pipeline object. And wondering whether I can insert or ...
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44
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5
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Why is weight vector orthogonal to decision plane in neural networks
I am beginner in neural networks. I am learning about perceptrons.
My question is Why is weight vector perpendicular to decision boundary(Hyperplane)?
I referred many books but all are mentioning that ...
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